Repairing Heart Function with Stem Cells

This article originally appeared in Connections, a magazine published for physicians and the community by UMass Memorial Medical Center.

UMass Memorial Medical Center is one of 37 centers in the country participating in the Osiris Phase II Stem Cell Trial for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The Medical Center was selected in part because of expert cardiac care provided in our Catheterization Labs that has helped lead to a number one ranking in New England by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for surviving a heart attack. This is the second year in a row the Medical Center received this ranking.

The standard treatment for AMI usually includes immediate perfusion, optimal pain relief, oxygen, aspirin or other anticoagulants, beta blockers, nitrates and ACE inhibitors. Yet, because only a minority of patients reach the hospital within the time window for myocardial rescue, many patients still develop heart failure (CHF) even if they manage their tobacco use, hypertension, lipid levels, diabetes, weight and exercise.

Although the medical management for CHF may improve symptoms and slow disease progression, this treatment cannot restore a functioning myocardium. A therapy that could improve the myocardial remodeling process and reduce the incidence or severity of CHF following an AMI would provide a significant benefit.

The study tests the effectiveness and safety of Prochymal, a proprietary formulation of adult stem cells designed to provide therapeutic benefit by controlling inflammation, promoting tissue regeneration and preventing scar formation.

"Ideally we would like to see this study result in a new modality for improving heart function and clinical outcomes in heart attack patients, in addition to existing medical therapy," said Daniel Fisher, MD, PhD, principal investigator of the study and director of interventional cardiology at UMass Memorial. The study will enroll approximately 220 patients following their first heart attack and explore the use of Prochymal in conjunction with current standards of care to improve heart function. The stem cells are obtained from the bone marrow of healthy adult donors.

"What is very appealing about this study is that participants do not have to undergo a bone marrow extraction or blood draw to obtain the stem cells," Dr. Fisher said. "These cells, taken from healthy donors, avoid rejection because they lack surface markers that trigger rejection."

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